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Glossary

Showing 361-370 out of 1175 Terms

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  • Diuretics

    (DY-yoo-REH-tiks)

    A type of drug that causes the kidneys to make more urine. Diuretics help the body get rid of extra fluid and salt. They are used to treat high blood pressure, edema (extra fluid in the tissues), and other conditions. There are many different types of diuretics. They are sometimes called water pills.

  • Dose

    (dose)

    The amount of medicine taken, or radiation given, at one time.

  • Dose-dense chemotherapy

    (dose-dents KEE-moh-THAYR-uh-pee)

    A chemotherapy treatment plan in which drugs are given with less time between treatments than in a standard chemotherapy treatment plan.

  • Dose-dependent

    (dose-deh-PEN-dent)

    Refers to the effects of treatment with a drug. If the effects change when the dose of the drug is changed, the effects are said to be dose-dependent.

  • Dose-limiting

    (dose-LIH-mih-ting)

    Describes side effects of a drug or other treatment that are serious enough to prevent an increase in dose or level of that treatment.

  • Dose-rate

    (dose-rayt)

    The strength of a treatment given over a period of time.

  • Dosimetrist

    (doh-SIH-meh-trist)

    A person who determines the proper radiation dose for treatment.

  • Dosimetry

    (doh-SIH-meh-tree)

    Measurement of radiation exposure from x-rays, gamma rays, or other types of radiation used in the treatment or detection of diseases, including cancer.

  • Double-blinded

    (DUH-bul BLINE-ded)

    A clinical trial in which the medical staff, the patient, and the people who analyze the results do not know the specific type of treatment the patient receives until after the clinical trial is over.

  • Down syndrome

    (...SIN-drome)

    A genetic condition caused by having an extra chromosome 21 in some or all of the body’s cells. Down syndrome is marked by growth, developmental, and learning delays that vary from mild to severe. People with Down syndrome often have certain distinct physical features, such as a shorter-than-normal height, a flat face with a short nose, eyes that are slanted and almond-shaped, small ears, a short neck, a tongue that tends to stick out of the mouth, small hands and feet, and a deep line that goes across the palm of the hand. People with Down syndrome may also have muscle weakness, loose joints, heart defects, and other health problems.